MUTUAL FUNDS
A Mutual Fund is a trust that pools the savings of a number of investors who share a common financial goal. The money thus collected is then invested in capital market instruments such as shares, debentures and other securities. It is nothing more than a collection of stocks and/or bonds. You can think of a mutual fund as a company that brings together a group of people and invests their money in stocks, bonds, and other securities. Each investor owns shares, which represent a portion of the holdings of the fund.
ULIPs
Unit Linked Insurance Plan (ULIP) provides for life insurance where the policy value at any time varies according to the value of the underlying assets at the time. ULIP is life insurance solution that provides for the benefits of protection and flexibility in investment. It is a financial product that offers you life insurance as well as an investment like a mutual fund. Part of the premium you pay goes towards the sum assured (amount you get in a life insurance policy) and the balance will be invested in whichever investments you desire - equity, fixed-return or a mixture of both. In India investments in ULIP are covered under Section 80C of IT Act.
COMPARISION
| Mutual Funds | ULIPS |
| Positioned as Short-Medium Term Products. | Positioned as Long Term Products. |
| For ELSS Schemes there is a minimum Lock-in period of 3 years. | According to new Guidelines there is a minimum Term Value of 5 years. |
| No Life Cover only good returns expected | Dual Advantage: Life Insurance + Decent Returns |
| Only ELSS Schemes provide tax break facility | All Premium paid is eligible for tax-break under Section 80c of Indian IT Act. |
| Upper limits for expenses chargeable to investors have been set by the regulator | No upper limits for expenses determined by the insurance company |
| Portfolio Disclosure is mandatory. | Portfolio Disclosure not mandatory. |
| Entry Loads have been abolished by SEBI for mutual funds. | ULIPs generally come with a huge entry load. For different schemes, this can vary between 5 to 40% of the first year’s premium. |
| Highly Liquid as a mutual fund can be redeemed or sold any time apart from ELSS schemes which have specific maturity periods. | Low liquidity. ULIPs generally come with a maturity of 5 to 20 years. That what ever money you put in, most of it will be locked-in till the maturity. |
What is the Current Fuss ??
The recent controversial orders from Security and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) and Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDA) on insurance companies issuing insurance policies with ULIP have caused quite a fright amongst policy holders.
Let’s start of with defining the basic purpose of a ULIP. A Unit Linked Insurance Plan popularly known as ULIP offers you with insurance as well as investment. A part of the premium goes towards the insurance policy and the remaining balance is invested in the funds selected by you.
This is where the SEBI controversy comes into play. According to SEBI, ULIPs falls under the mutual fund category coupled with insurance policy. As per their norms an insurance company has to take their permission before issuing any policy with mutual fund or like mutual fund (read ULIPs).
But at the same time what is astonishing is the timing of the ban introduced by SEBI on ULIPS, for insurance companies have been selling ULIPs for years now.Some describe it as a case of one-upmanship between the SEBI and the IRDA, while a few others feel that it is a good opportunity to mend the ways of insurance companies that have not bothered to ensure transparency in ULIPs and the dozen charges and deductions that come with it.
But another theory doing the rounds is that the SEBI's ban on insurance companies from selling ULIPs is actually an attempt to protect the Mutual Funds industry. The Mutual Funds Industry witnessed a massive 17.39% drop in AUM(Assets Under Management) by the AMCs in the year 2009. The mutual funds business has seen a downturn since August last when the entry load on them was disbanded by the SEBI, making them less attractive products for the agents to sell, compared to ULIPs.
Mutual fund companies have not been paying commissions for agents who sell their products, since August last year due to the scrapping of entry load on mutual funds. On the other hand, insurance companies pay hefty commisions, of even 25 per cent, to agents selling ULIPs. So ULIPs are now more attractive products to sell for agents compared to mutual funds. This move by the SEBI appears to be an effort to protect the mutual fund industry which is under pressure.
So Will ULIPs become more transparent now?
While a section of the financial industry feels that this is a good opportunity to make ULIPs more transparent financial products, there is another belief in the industry that ULIPs are fundamentally flawless products and the onus lies on the agent to ensure clarity.
With ULIPs constituting over 90 per cent of portfolio of insurance companies and only the remaining 10 per cent comprising of pure-play insurance policies, is it not reason enough for SEBI to step in and assert its importance.
What most industry members seem to agree with is that the SEBI has enough reasons to raise the issue, though the timing is debatable and that more clarity is needed on jurisdiction of each regulatory body.
Ankit.
